Review Sheet for Final Exam

Just in case you deleted it (and at Carson's suggestion) here's the review sheet for the final exam. Topics with a * next to them are only for the honors biology class.

Below is a check list for all of the things that will be covered on your final exam. This is your review sheet.

1. Describe the cell cycle and the process of mitosis.

2. Explain the role of mitosis in the formation of new cells

3. Describe how the process of meiosis results in the formation of haploid cells.

4. Explain the importance of meiosis in sexual reproduction

5. Explain how gametes form diploid zygotes in the process of fertilization.

6. Compare and contrast a virus and an animal or plant cell in terms of genetic material and reproduction. (we covered this on the History of DNA movies handout – Bacteriaphages & Radioactive tracers)*

7. Describe the basic structure (double helix, sugar/phosphate backbone, linked by complementary nucleotide pairs) of DNA

8. Describe DNA’s function in genetic inheritance.

9. Describe the basic process of DNA replication (*honors classes need to know all the enzymes involved, direction of replication, leading and lagging strands etc.)

10. Explain how DNA replication relates to the transmission and conservation of the genetic code.

11. Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes (creation of amino acids, which create proteins which affect genes)

12. Distinguish among the end products of replication, transcription, and translation.

13. Explain how mutations in the DNA sequence of a gene may or may not result in phenotypic change in an organism.

14. Explain how mutations in gametes may result in phenotypic changes in offspring.

15. Distinguish among observed inheritance patterns caused by several types of genetic traits
a. dominant
b. recessive
c. codominant
d. sex-linked
e. incomplete dominance

16. Describe how Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment can be observed through patterns of inheritance

17. Use a Punnett Square to determine the probabilities for genotype and phenotype combinations in monohybrid crosses.

18. Explain how cancer is related to the cell cycle.